Classification Essay Example For Students

Classification Essay Classification in biology, is the identification, naming, and groupingof organisms into a formal system. The vast numbers of living forms arenamed and arranged in an orderly manner so that biologists all over theworld can be sure they know the exact organism that is being examinedand discussed. Groups of organisms must be defined by the selection ofimportant characteristics, or shared traits, that make the members ofeach group similar to one another and unlike members of other groups. Modern classification schemes also attempt to place groups intocategories that will reflect an understanding of the evolutionaryprocesses underlying the similarities and differences among organisms. Such categories form a kind of pyramid, or hierarchy, in which thedifferent levels should represent the different degrees of evolutionaryrelationship. The hierarchy extends upward from several million species,each made up of individual organisms that are closely related, to a fewkingdoms, each containing large assemblages of organisms, many of whichare only distantly related. Carolus Linnaeus is probably the single most dominant figure insystematic classification. Born in 1707, he had a mind that was orderlyto the extreme. People sent him plants from all over the world, and hewould devise a way to relate them. At the age of thirty-two he was theauthor of fourteen botanical works. His two most famous were GeneraPlantarum, developing an artificial sexual system, and SpeciesPlantarum, a famous work where he named and classified every plant knownto him, and for the first time gave each plant a binomial. This binomial system was a vast improvement over some of the olddescriptive names for plants used formerly. Before Linnaeus, Catnip wasknown as: Nepeta floribus interrupte spicatis pedunculatis which is abrief description of the plant. Linnaeus named it Nepetacatariacataria meaning, pertaining to cats. The binomialnomenclature is not only more precise and standardized; it also relatesplants together, thus adding much interest and information in the name. For instance, Solanum relates the potato, the tomato and the Nightshade. Binomial ClassificationEarly on in naming species taxonomists realized that there would have tobe a universal system of nomenclature. A system that was not affected bylanguage barriers, and would also classify the millions of speciesthroughout the world. Binomial classification in its simplest form is away of naming a species by means of two names both in Latin. Latin wasoriginally used because it was the language of the founders of theclassification system, like Carolus Linnaeus, but it continues to beused presently because it is a dead language. This means that it is nolonger changing or evolving, so it stays the same and can be useduniversally, without confusion. Carolus Linnaeus (see Appendix A, Image1) first introduced binomial classification, which is why he is known asthe father of the modern day classification system. In Binomial classification the first name, which begins with a capitalletter is known as the Genus it is always capitalized. The genus is agroup of species more closely related to one another than any othergroup of species. The genus is more inclusive than the species becauseit often contains many species. The second part of the binomialrepresents the species itself and is always printed with all letters inlower case. A species is a group of individuals that are alike in manydifferent ways. Individuals are in the same species if they are:1. Are able to mate with those similar to themselves. 2. Produce young that are themselves able to reproduce. As an example, in the cat family, the genus Panthera is coupled with thespecies leo to form Panthera leo, the Lion. Likewise, Panthera iscoupled with tigris, to form Panthera tigris the Tiger. In simplifiedterns both the Lion(see Appendix A, image 2) and Tiger share commontraits and a common genus Panthera, whilst clearly remaining separatespecies. To allow further subdivision, the prefixes sub- and super- maybe added to any category. In addition, special intermediatecategories-such as branch (between kingdom and phylum), cohort (betweenclass and order), and tribe (between family and genus)-may be used incomplex classifications. .ufc6a17535561d3c96c57d3b304c34a0a , .ufc6a17535561d3c96c57d3b304c34a0a .postImageUrl , .ufc6a17535561d3c96c57d3b304c34a0a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufc6a17535561d3c96c57d3b304c34a0a , .ufc6a17535561d3c96c57d3b304c34a0a:hover , .ufc6a17535561d3c96c57d3b304c34a0a:visited , .ufc6a17535561d3c96c57d3b304c34a0a:active { border:0!important; } .ufc6a17535561d3c96c57d3b304c34a0a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufc6a17535561d3c96c57d3b304c34a0a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufc6a17535561d3c96c57d3b304c34a0a:active , .ufc6a17535561d3c96c57d3b304c34a0a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufc6a17535561d3c96c57d3b304c34a0a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufc6a17535561d3c96c57d3b304c34a0a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufc6a17535561d3c96c57d3b304c34a0a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufc6a17535561d3c96c57d3b304c34a0a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufc6a17535561d3c96c57d3b304c34a0a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufc6a17535561d3c96c57d3b304c34a0a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufc6a17535561d3c96c57d3b304c34a0a .ufc6a17535561d3c96c57d3b304c34a0a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufc6a17535561d3c96c57d3b304c34a0a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Academic Honesty EssayClosely related species are a genus, closely related genera (plural formof genus) are grouped together in a family. Closely related families aregrouped into an order, and so on, into more inclusive categories, orlevels in the classification hierarchy. Taxonomic Hierarchy Approximately one and a half million species have been classified andthere are estimates that over five million species remain to bediscovered. For biologists to order this mass of information, ascientific system called taxonomy was introduced. The basic idea is togroup species with similar characteristics together into families, andto group the families together into broader grouping s. To this end, thetaxonomic categories where devised, and they create the taxonomichierarchy. The hierarchy goes (with an example):*CategoriesExample KingdomAnimalia Phylum (Plural = Phyla)Cordata*In plants, this category is often called a division*ClassMammalia OrderCarnivora Family Canidae GenusCanis Species Lupus (the Wolf)Every species is in only one genus. Similarly, every genus is in onlyone family, and so forth up the hierarchy. The most inclusive categoryfor classifying groups of similar organisms is the Kingdom. It is arguedexactly how many Kingdoms there are though. Up until recently, only twokingdoms were generally used, the plant and animal kingdoms. Now howeverthere are 5 established kingdoms and one controversial unofficialkingdom. The 5 kingdoms:1. Kingdom Animalia (The Animal Kingdom) ex: Multi-cellular motile organisms, which feed heterotrophically(Humans) 2. Kingdom Plantae (The Plant Kingdom) ex: Multi-cellular organisms, which feed by photosynthesis (Tulips) 3. Kingdom Protista (The Protist Kingdom) ex: Protozoa and single-celled algae 4. Kingdom Fungi (The Fungus Kingdom) ex: Yeast 5. Kingdom Monera (The Monera Kingdom) ex: Bacteria and blue-green algae Parallel to these Kingdoms, but not included, are the Viruses. Theseare acellular entities with many of the properties of other life forms,but are genetically and structurally too dissimilar to the speciescategorized above to fit into that scheme of taxonomy. Although this system is complex and intricate at times, itsuniversality makes it a necessity. With out the system presently in usethe world would be years and years behind in their task to name all ofthe living organisms on earth. This system is great but it is alwayspossible that some new finding could cause the system to evolve tobecome more inclusive. This system is by no means set in stone, andLinnaeus would probably be astounded to see the way that it has evolvedsince his original system. Appendix ACarolus Linnaeus (Image1)Panthera leo (Image 2)BibliographyBerkely University. www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/linnaeus.html/Galbraith, Don. Understanding Biology. John Wiley and Sons. Toronto. 1989,Microsoft. Encarta Encyclopedia 97. Microsoft Corporation. 1997

Western Art Music Secular music of the middle ages Essay Example For Students

Western Art Music Secular music of the middle ages Essay Hundreds of these songs were created and performed and eventually notated by bands of musicians flourishing across Europe during the 12th and 13th centuries, the most famous of which were the French trousers and troubadours. The monophonic melodies of these musicians, to which may have been added improvised accompaniments, were often rhythmically lively. The subject of the overwhelming majority of these songs is love. Most of which are performed by wandering minstrels. Instruments most probably used in secular music during the middle ages may include drums, harps, recorders, and bagpipes were the instruments used in secular music because they were easy for the traveling musicians to tote about. Instruments were taught through oral tradition and provided great dancing music and accompanied the stanzas well. There are many composers which composed secular music. These composers were known as Troubadours and trousers. They are French nobles. Among the best known of these poet-musicians are were the troubadour Gallinule X, duke of Aquatint, from southern France. We will write a custom essay on Western Art Music Secular music of the middle ages specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now As well as trouper, Chasteness De Couch, from rather France. Not all were men, Beatrice De Did was a troubadour who addressed songs to men. Western Art Music Secular music of the middle ages By Tom-Torn 1300 and Died in 1377, he was famous as a musician as well as a poet, An avian garden or Vanguard which means someone who leads to make a development of new ideas. Composer, poet and most known representative of the Ears Nova tradition. He was respected, not only in his native country, but also in Italy, Spain and other parts of Europe. Born in the French province of Champagne. Around 1323, he became secretary and chaplain to John, King of Bohemia, whom he accompanied on trips and military campaigns throughout Europe. Spent most of his years in in Reams, where he served as a church official. Gallinule also wrote sacred and secular polyphonic music. He traveled to many courts and presented copies of his music and poetry to noble patrons. These copies made Gallinule one of the first important composers whose works have survived. Among his works are 42 ballads 23 motets; most known of which is Messes De Monster Dame. Another composer is John Denotable born in England around 1385 died on December 24, 1453 in London He was also known as John Denotable; one of the leading English composers of his time. His works influenced other composers including Gallinule Duffy and Gilles Ponchos. Aside from being a composer, he was also an astronomer and mathematician. He wrote sacred pieces, secular songs and motets. Some of his known works are: 2 complete masses, 3 incomplete masses, and 14 individual mass sections. Geoffrey Chaucer There are many secular compositions during the Middle ages, some of them are

Sample Compare and Contrast Essay College Level

Sample Compare and Contrast Essay College LevelYou may think that the sample compare and contrast essay college level requires a lot of thought and research to compile and write, but this article will show you how to get the most out of it. Sure, you can keep researching and you could always hire a professional to make sure your essay is perfect for college, but do you really want to have to do all that work just to be the best? Maybe you want to get some extra money by writing this type of essay because you are not able to do your school work, or maybe you simply want to make more money so you can travel to Hawaii and buy a new RV!The most important thing you need to know is that sample compare and contrast essay college level is not a difficult task. All you need to do is to organize all the required materials and create an outline of the entire essay. A good outline will not only allow you to write more effectively, but it will also help you be organized and finished with it befor e you know it.The first thing you should do before you begin writing your sample compare and contrast essay college level is to get all the information you need. Start with the most basic of all materials, the school report. Usually a school report includes some results from your tests, class attendance, and any other data you think is important. If you do not have a school report, then consider getting one.The next things you will need to include the assignment and the papers you will be submitting. Many times you will have to send in an original essay rather than writing a rewrite. If you decide to go this route then make sure you send in only one paper per essay and make sure that each paper is exactly the same.It is important to make sure that you send in all the papers the same way so that the school can see what each student is really capable of. They will most likely judge you based on how well you present your essay.The next thing you should do before you begin writing your sample compare and contrast essay college level is to organize all the required materials that you will need. After you have organized everything you should now be ready to sit down and start writing your sample compare and contrast essay.Another very important thing to remember is that you should begin your sample compare and contrast essay college level immediately after you get everything organized. While you might not want to look at your essay until you are about to submit it, it would be a lot better if you wait until you have some ideas to write. This will help you to find what parts of your essay need work and what parts are already perfect.

Native Speaker - Definition and Examples in English

Native Speaker s in English In language studies, native speaker  is a controversial term for a person who  speaks  and writes using his or her  native language  (or mother tongue). Put simply, the traditional view is that the language of a native speaker is determined by birthplace. Contrast with non-native speaker. Linguist Braj Kachru identifies native speakers of English as those who have grown up in the Inner Circle  of countries- Britain, America, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. An extremely proficient speaker of a second language  is sometimes referred to as a near-native speaker. When a person acquires a second-language at a very young age, the distinction between native and non-native speaker becomes ambiguous. A child may be a native speaker of more than one language as long as the acquisition process starts early, says Alan Davies. After puberty (Felix, 1987), it becomes difficult- not impossible, but very difficult (Birdsong, 1992)- to become a native speaker. (The Handbook of Applied Linguistics, 2004). In recent years, the concept of the native speaker has come under criticism, especially in connection with the study of World English,  New Englishes, and English as a Lingua Franca:   While there may be linguistic differences between native and non-native speakers of English, the native speaker is really a political construct carrying a particular ideological baggage (Stephanie Hackert in World EnglishesProblems, Properties and Prospects, 2009). Examples and Observations The terms native speaker and non-native speaker suggest a clear-cut distinction that doesnt really exist. Instead it can be seen as a continuum, with someone who has complete control of the language in question at one end, to the beginner at the other, with an infinite range of proficiencies to be found in between.(Caroline Brandt, Success on Your Certificate Course in English Language Teaching. Sage, 2006) The Common-Sense View The concept of a native speaker seems clear enough, doesnt it? It is surely a common sense idea, referring to people who have a special control over a language, insider knowledge about their language. . . . But just how special is the native speaker? This common-sense view is important and has practical implications, . . . but the common-sense view alone is inadequate and needs the support and explanation given by a thorough theoretical discussion is lacking.(Alan Davies, The Native Speaker: Myth and Reality. Multilingual Matters, 2003) The Ideology of the Native Speaker Model [T]he notion of native speakersometimes referred to as the ideology of the native speaker model- in the field of second language education has been a powerful principle that influences almost every aspect of language teaching and learning . . .. The notion of native speaker takes for granted the homogeneity among, and superiority of the linguistic competence of native speakers and legitimizes the unequal power relations between native and non-native speakers. (Neriko Musha Doerr and Yuri Kumagai, Towards a Critical Orientation in Second Language Education.  The Native Speaker Concept. Walter de Gruyter, 2009) An Ideal Native Speaker I know several foreigners whose command of English I could not fault, but they themselves deny they are native speakers. When pressed on this point, they draw attention to such matters as . . . their lack of awareness of childhood associations, their limited passive knowledge of varieties, the fact that there are some topics which they are more comfortable discussing in their first language. I couldn’t make love in English, said one man to me. . . . In an ideal native speaker, there is a chronologically based awareness, a continuum from birth to death where there are no gaps. In an ideal non-native speaker, this continuum either does not start with birth, or if it does, the continuum has been significantly broken at some point. (I’m a case of the latter, in fact, having been brought up in a Welsh-English environment until nine, then moving to England, where I promptly forgot most of my Welsh, and would no longer now claim to be a native speaker, even though I have many childhood associations and instinctive forms.)(David Crystal, quoted by T. M. Paikeday in The Native Speaker Is Dead: An Informal Discussion of a Linguistic Myth. Paikeday, 1985)

Writing a Research Paper APA

Writing a Research Paper APA Writing a Research Paper APA Writing a Research Paper APA: Meeting the Requirements A research paper is a serious academic work. It should be done properly in all aspects. Thus, not only the logical structure of the contents but also the form of the paper plays an important role in the process of assessment. Thus, while writing your research paper, pay attention to its format. Writing a research paper APA means that you should keep all the rules of this style. For example, you should pay attention to typeface, line spacing, margins and headings. You should use Times New Roman or Arial font, 1 inch margins, the text should be double-spaced. Align the text to the left margin. As for headings, writing a research paper APA suggests using of 5 levels of headings:Centered, boldface, uppercase and lowercase headings Left-aligned, boldface, uppercase and lowercase headings Indented, boldface, lowercase headings ending with a period Indented, boldface, italicized, lowercase headings ending with period Indented , italicized, lowercase headings ending with period Remember: this is some kind of hierarchy. You should use headlines of the first level first. Writing a research paper APA: the main elements of a paper According to the APA style a research paper must contain such compulsory elements:Title page Abstract Introduction Methods Results Discussions References Appendices Pay attention to page numbering! The title page is the first, the abstract is the second page, the introduction begins from the third page and so on. Writing a research paper APA: reference list There are some requirements concerning references that should be fulfilled while writing a research paper APA. References should include all the works of people whose ideas, theories or practical results you chose as the basis of your research and stated in your research paper. Remember that you should state the sources in the reference list even if you are paraphrasing or just describing them. Otherwise, it will be plagiarism. References should contain the following elements: the authors name (if source has two or more authors, you should mention the names of all of them), the publication date, the title of the work and the publication data. The works should be arranged alphabetically. So, these are the main requirements of writing a research paper APA format. You should meet them if you want to write a good research paper. Anyway, if you are lost about writing a research paper APA style and need help, you are welcome to address us.

LensCrafters Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

LensCrafters - Essay Example riendly service should never be discounted as efforts to specifically address consumers gives them a sense of power as they enter into a room ready to serve them. The lessons learned from Lenscrafteres’ are to differentiate, provide high levels of service, and to be convenient without sacrificing quality. The strategy that is used by Lenscrafter in order to compete in the eyewear market is high levels of service. Service is made a visible entity as the customer can watch as their eyeglasses are being made. The service that is provided is intended to be completed within an hour, making it a convenient process which leads to the second characteristic. The second characteristic that defines the competitive priorities for Lenscrafters’ is that of convenience. Where most eyewear operations require several days to order and then receive the glasses that a customer has ordered, the Lenscrafters’ model is based on a fast turnaround that provide the consumer with their product within the same shopping experience. The average turnaround time is one hour (Collier & Evans, 2010). The final characteristic explored here is that of quality. Quality is the lynchpin characteristic of the development of the competitive advantages that Lenscrafters’ holds. Everything from the design of the store to the view of the workers in the lab promotes the idea of quality. Although service and convenience are the basis on which the store operates, it is through quality that they create relationships with consumers, outdistancing the competition by crating high quality eyewear in a short period of time with a high level of service. The service delivery system design is structured through the development of the store locations. The store locations use a number of different design features in order to facilitate the best possible experience for the consumer. The first element of the design is that it is created in order to evoke a high level of professionalism. The display of

A personality profile of an individual whom you think is worthy of Essay

A personality profile of an individual whom you think is worthy of capturing - Essay Example It was two years since she’d retired at the early age of forty-nine years old, but these two habits she had kept hold of. It was something she worried about, the only two cracks in her otherwise perfect life. There were many other people at her church, of course, who smoked and drank coffee, but few did so as much as she did, and, while Wanda did not judge them she felt her own shortcomings were making her less of a Christian than she should be. She wanted to devote her retirement years to her community and her Lord, not cigarette companies and the jitters of caffeine addiction. And lately she had been tired so often, even with the coffee. So she had resolved to quit—the cigarettes, at least. It was the worst habit, and though it had given her the deep, husky voice that made her stand out so much in the choir, the one she worried about the most. What if it killed her? She was not worried for herself so much as her family. She had made her peace with this world long ago, and if the Lord called her up, she was ready to go. But she wanted to make things good for others, and wondered what her brother and sisters would do without her when she was gone. â€Å"Oh Lord,† she half-sang as the coffee brewed in the pale light of her morning kitchen, â€Å"Oh Lord, be kind to this old sinner!† Before driving to her doctor to get a prescription for a patch, she listened to the voice messages on her phone. One was from Donna, who was biologically her niece but whose mother had passed away when they were young, and whom Wanda had always treated as a true sister. The younger woman thanked her for the loan she had given her years ago, saying she had just gotten the money to pay it back, and that she hoped Wanda could come for dinner later in the week to celebrate. Wanda didn’t mind about the money, but it would be nice to see Donna again after so long. In the car she lit another cigarette and had smoked half of it before she realized what she was doing. Her fingers fidgeted with the cigarette but she couldn’t bring herself to put it down. Quitting was going to be hard. The doctor gave her a prescription for the patch, and ran some blood tests to see what was fatiguing her. She spent the next few days trying to cut down, but it was hard. The only time she was really free was at the piano, when her fingers could fly across the black-and-white keys and she could close her eyes and be both apart from and inside herself. She would listen to a piece on the radio—she had never had a teacher, and had taught herself by listening, in the breaks from her thankless job, and endless practice—and then sit still, breathe, and let her fingers go where they would. In these times she felt truly happy, and as if the peace would soon envelop her entire being. A month after she had gotten the patch, which had only been partially successful at curing her habit, she got a piece of mail from the doctor which contained the r esults of her test. She tried to focus on the charts and analyses, but in the end only one thing got through to her: the diagnosis which said: LUNG CANCER, TERMINAL. Alone at her kitchen table, with the coffee still brewing, Wanda Jones cried. She quit smoking right then, though it was useless. As the weeks stretched into months, her body faded, the ridged lip lines that were the sign of her long habit sinking in and becoming flat and smooth as the fat left her. Her ex-husband, who she hadn’t seen for years, and who had beat her on occasion, came