How to Avoid Burying the Lede of Your News Story

Mark Twain Racist or Realist Essay Example For Students

Imprint Twain Racist or Realist Essay This paper analyzes Mark Twain’s work to decide if he was bigot. Bigotry is characterized by The American Heritage Dictionary as the conviction that one race is better than others. Lamentably the issue of race isn’t dark or white. There are numerous shades of dim in prejudice and even the most dynamic contemplations of old appears to be preservationist as progress illuminates new degrees of thought. During his time, Twain was a ground breaking creator who advocated numerous causes, one of them being reasonable treatment of the discouraged and mistreated. The main case of potential bigotry is his treatment of the Goshoot Indians in Roughing It. The fundamental body of his work focuses to inventive enemy of supremacist topics. Regardless of whether one concedes that Twain encourages some slanderous generalizations marking his work scabrous, unassimiable, and maybe closed off to our own time is childish and revisionist. Regardless of whether Twain was supremacist the way t oward learning should battle in reverse instructing from our past through work and conversation (Wonham 40). I even gained from Mein Kampf and issues with Mark Twain’s potential prejudice could not hope to compare to Hitler’s violations against humankind. Imprint Twain unquestionably wasn’t as politically right as contemporary newsmen or government officials however his essential occupation was as a comedian. Indeed, even today fruitful humorists, from Saturday Night Live to The Tonight Show, use procedures like Twain’s incongruity, parody and vaudeville. Each genuine Twain researcher is aware of Twain’s notoriety as a vaudeville humorist/comedian just as his enemy of colonialist and hostile to strict propensities. The researcher must be cautious while naming or classifying Twain’s work due to his incessant utilization of mockery however Twain unquestionably loved blacks and detested bondage. His treatment of Natives and the Chinese was sket chy when taken a gander at separated from his work all in all, however he pummeled the white race more hardheartedly than he at any point censured some other race. Unfortunately, the critical and wry Mark Twain can never be completely comprehended on the grounds that lone he recognized what contemplations he was attempting to pass on. Twain regularly utilized vaudevilles to get a point across by demonstrating the oblivious how uninformed they really are. In Huck Finn, Twain connected religion and subjugation by demonstrating how the previous can distort information and cause acknowledgment of the last over complaints of still, small voice. At the point when Huck is ’born again’, he overlooks his pledge to help Jim, and his rapture as being ‘born again’ takes after the sentiment of being ‘light as a feather’ that he encounters subsequent to choosing to turn Jim over to the slave-catchers (Fulton 83). This critique is as much about the sorry con dition of subjection for what it's worth about slavery’s Biblical establishment. James L. Johnson committed Mark Twain and the Limits of Power to delineating how, similar to Emerson, Twain’s solipsism is a major fixing in quite a bit of his best work (Johnson 8). Twain’s characters had or needed a remarkable capacity to overwhelm the universes where they get themselves (Johnson 1). Twain had little confidence in a Christian God so he put more confidence in oneself. Johnson additionally thought Twain’s harshness expanded as he uncovered that the bigger and progressively amazing the Self turned into, the less considerate he was probably going to be (Johnson 7). In spite of the fact that Twain’s life was normal since it had limits he imagined a character who probably won't need to make those lodging, a legend who may break out of the jail of restrictions into a more splendid life (Johnson 187). Dissatisfaction with the world, subsequently a harsh disp osition, emerged as time wore on however Twain never lost sight and sought after dominance over it and opportunity (Johnson 189). In 1907 Bernard Shaw commented to Archibald Henderson that, Mark Twain and I end up similarly situated. We need to make individuals, who might somehow or another hang us, accept that we are kidding (Clemens 5). This point is very much shown by the courageous Twain in this passage from Mark Twain’s Jest Book: In the spring of 1899, I was one of a horde of somewhere in the range of 1200 who went to at the Waldorf-Astoria in New York to hear a talk on his undertakings in the South Africa War given by a Lieutenant of Huzzars, one Winston Churchill †and the seat was involved .udfd281b72efb8f72d86093bfc27c206b , .udfd281b72efb8f72d86093bfc27c206b .postImageUrl , .udfd281b72efb8f72d86093bfc27c206b .focused content zone { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .udfd281b72efb8f72d86093bfc27c206b , .udfd281b72efb8f72d86093bfc27c206b:hover , .udfd281b72efb8f72d86093bfc27c206b:visited , .udfd281b72efb8f72d86093bfc27c206b:active { border:0!important; } .udfd281b72efb8f72d86093bfc27c206b .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .udfd281b72efb8f72d86093bfc27c206b { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; darkness: 1; progress: murkiness 250ms; webkit-progress: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .udfd281b72efb8f72d86093bfc27c206b:active , .udfd281b72efb8f72d86093bfc27c206b:hover { haziness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-change: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .udfd281b72efb8f72d86093bfc27c206b .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative; } .udfd281b72efb8f72d86093bfc27c206b .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content adornment: underline; } .udfd281b72efb8f72d86093bfc27c206b .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .udfd281b72efb8f72d86093bfc27c206b .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: intense; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content enrichment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .udfd281b72efb8f72d86093bfc27c206b:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .udfd281b72 efb8f72d86093bfc27c206b .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .udfd281b72efb8f72d86093bfc27c206b-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .udfd281b72efb8f72d86093bfc27c206b:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: The Effects of Violence in Media on Society Today Persuasive Essay

Novel and a workhouse Essay Example

Novel and a workhouse Essay Source C was composed by Charles Dickens who turned into a renowned creator and was intensely mindful of the social and financial issues of the mid nineteenth century so his realities are probably going to be dependable. He was alive at the hour of the Andover Workhouse embarrassment so he would have honey bee mindful of the horrible conditions a few workhouses were in and he had the option to portray ungracious workhouses so the source is valuable for researching the Andover Workhouse. Charles Dickens utilized the Andover Workhouse outrage and different records of unfriendly workhouses to bas his novel Oliver Twist on. Source C is an essential source and was written in 1838, which was year after the McDougals were utilized in the Andover Workhouse. This is valuable since Charles Dickens would have recognized what the Workhouses resembled. This is on the grounds that he was alive at the hour of the embarrassment, so he would have known how terrible a portion of the workhouses were along these lines this source could be founded on one of the unfriendly workhouses. So this is helpful in exploring the occasions of the Andover Workhouse on the grounds that their conditions could have been comparable. Source C was composed authentically as Dickens put together a portion of the novel with respect to the Andover Workhouse Scandal and he knew about the social shades of malice of this time. Source C is restricted anyway in light of the fact that it just mentions to us what the feast times resembled. It doesnt disclose to us that the work they did between dinners was pulverizing bones or rocks it doesnt reveal to us that in many workhouses there were three supper times each day and it doesnt disclose to us that grown-ups would have been dealt with the equivalent. Source C is additionally constrained on the grounds that prisoners for the most part needed to work peacefully and the young men in the source were murmuring to one another, which they would ordinarily have been rebuffed for. We will compose a custom article test on Novel and a workhouse explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Novel and a workhouse explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Novel and a workhouse explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Source c additionally expresses that the ace would rebuff the kids with brutality however it is restricted on the grounds that it doesnt state how the grown-ups would have been rebuffed. In the event that source C doesnt give this data about the workhouse it is discussing then I can't distinguish it with the Andover Workhouse along these lines the source is restricted. The source is constrained in light of the fact that it doesnt state which workhouse it is and all workhouses were unique so the source may not be valuable to research the Andover Workhouse occasions. It doesnt state what number of individuals were in the workhouse and might be restricted in light of the fact that there could have been pretty much than in the Andover Workhouse. Source C was initially composed as a novel so it could have been misrepresented to sell and the words used to recommend this are, Stupefied surprise, and frantic so this may not be helpful for exploring the occasions in the Andover Workhouse on the grounds that the source possibly problematic. Notwithstanding, the source possibly restricted in light of the fact that even Dickens didnt remember the full detestations of the workhouses for this novel. Charles Dickens composed source C and he was a rich man who didnt leave any cash to the poor when he kicked the bucket so it is improbable that he minded as much as it is made out. He may have needed more cash and accordingly may have overstated his novel so it would sell. This implies Source is probably going to be restricted for examining the occasions of the Andover Workhouse. The source was written in 1838 so the source is bound to be a feeling from the time. In this manner it might constrained for examining the occasions of the Andover Workhouse since we are not educated regarding another sentiment. The source somehow or another is by all accounts misrepresented on the grounds that it utilizes words like incapacitated and foolish so this possibly restricted for examining the occasions of the Andover Workhouse since it is questionable. I think the source is valuable somehow or another for examining the Andover Workhouse occasions for instance the food they ate and how they were set at supper. Anyway the source is constrained in different manners since it is confined so it is no utilization for researching the occasions of the Andover Workhouse.

Steering Commitee Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Guiding Commitee - Essay Example . The guiding council is made out of the basic partner gatherings (those generally affected by the targets of the venture) in the general administration of the undertaking (Forming a Project Steering Committee). When the controlling advisory group had recognized the issues, gatherings and sub-boards of trustees can be framed to address the individual issues that face Red Wine. A working gathering that can address the general prerequisites of the framework can structure a coordinated useful and informative course of action. One of the issues confronting Red Wine is the way that there are a few offices all vieing for rare assets. This has ordered that they take autonomous activities and have decreased the chance of boosting PC assets or the capacity to impart from division to office. It would be the duty of the controlling advisory group to reduce this absence of correspondence. When the framework is structured as a serviceable arrangement, different workgroups can be alloted to deal with the establishment and execution. One thought is the programming. A workgroup, working under the guiding board, would be answerable for the coding and investigating of the framework. Also, this workgroup would need to make courses of action to see that the usage was functional from the point of view of programming. Anoth

Diverse Titles at Book Expo America

Diverse Titles at Book Expo America As a follow-up to my first Book Expo post, I thought it would be good to put together a list of some of the upcoming diverse titles I heard about at the conference. This is by no means a complete list, so if you have any additional titles, share them in the comments!  And click here to check out this awesome list of strong women featured at BEA! Love, Hate, and Other Filters   Samira Ahmed (January 16, 2018) Maya Aziz is torn between the traditional future her parents want for her in Chicago, and the future she wants for herself in New York City.  But then her life takes a complicated turn when a suicide bomber attacks America and she realizes that by chance, they share the same last name.  A powerful coming-of-age debut about love, fear, and facing Islamophobia. You Dont Have to Say You Love Me   Sherman Alexie (June 13, 2017) The much-anticipated memoir from the acclaimed author of The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian.  After his mother passed away at age 78, Sherman Alexie began writing about the complicated, sometimes abusive, relationship he shared with her, growing up in poverty on a Native American reservation. Cuz: The Life and Times of Michael A.   Danielle Allen (September 5, 2017) Danielle Allen tells the story of her baby cousin, who was arrested at age 15 for an attempted carjacking, served 11 years in prison, and was shot and killed three years after his release. But here, cuz stands for both cousin and because: Why was Michael trying to steal a car at age 15?  Why was he tried as an adult and left to languish in prison?  And why did he end up dead after trying to make a fresh start? The City of Brass   S.A. Chakraborty (November 14, 2017) The future of a magical Middle Eastern kingdom rests with a young con woman named Nahri and her miraculous healing powers.  This debut fantasy has been described as a mix between The Golem and the Jinni  and Arabian Nights. Little Soldiers: An American Boy, A Chinese School, and the Global Race to Achieve   Lenora Chu (September 19, 2017) An investigative look at the Chinese educational system and how it produces such a large number of high-performing students.  As she uncovers a military-like education system that produces results through high-stakes testing and the threat of public shame, she wonders how the system can be changed, and what American schools can learn from the process. We Were Eight Years in Power: An American Tragedy   Ta-Nehisi Coates (October 5, 2017) A powerful collection of new and previously published essays from the author of Between the World and Me that attempts to take stock of the Obama presidency. (Cover coming soon.) Future Home of the Living God   Louise Erdrich (November 14, 2017) Louise Erdrich offers a chilling dystopian novel in which evolution has been reversed and women are giving birth to what appear to be primitive species of humans.  Cedar Hawk Songmaker is four months pregnant, and as society collapses around her, she journeys to find  answers from her birth mother, who is currently living on an Ojibwa reservation. An American Family: A Memoir of Hope and Sacrifice   Khizr Khan (November 14, 2017) From the hero of the 2016 Democratic National Convention comes a touching, powerful memoir about coming to America for the promises set forth in the US Constitution.  As Khan details the sacrifices made by his family particularly his son, US Army Captain Humayun Khan, who was killed in Iraq he also testifies to the promise of this country and what it means to live according to your values. (Cover coming soon.) Bluebird, Bluebird   Attica Locke (September 12, 2017) Darren Mathews, a black Texas Ranger, is called to the small town of Lark to investigate the murders of a black lawyer and a local white woman, while navigating the resentment and racial tensions that have erupted as a result. The Widows of Malabar Hill   Sujata Massey (January 2018) The first book in a brand new historical mystery series set in 1920s Bombay, featuring Perveen Mistry, who is one of the few female lawyers in India and based in part on the real-life Cornelia Sorabji, who served as the first woman to practice law in India.  Perveen is called to handle the will of a wealth Muslim businessman, but notices that all three of his wives have agreed to sign over their inheritance to a charity.  Is there something more sinister at play here? Little Fires Everywhere   Celeste Ng (September 12, 2017) Elena Richardson of Shaker Heights, Ohio, embodies the successful, law-abiding, carefully planned spirit of her suburburban neighborhood better than anyone.  But her world is shaken when the Richardsons rent a house to Mia Warren, an artist and a single mother who does anything but play by the rules.  And when old family friends of the Richardsons attempt to adopt a Chinese-American baby, the custody battle that erupts puts Mia and Elena on opposing sides. A Moonless, Starless Sky: Ordinary Women and Men Fighting Extremism in Africa   Alexis Okeowo (October 3, 2017) Alexis Okeowo, a staff writer at the New Yorker, embarks on a masterful work of literary journalism that tells the untold narratives of Africans (many of them women) who are courageously resisting the fundamentalism sweeping their continent. Beasts Made of Night Tochi Onyebuchi (October 31, 2017) A gritty Nigerian-influenced YA fantasy novel about sin beasts lethal creatures spawned from  human feelings of guilt and the sin-eaters, the people required to slay the sin-beasts at a terrible personal cost. Taj is the most talented of the sin-eaters, but finds himself out of his element when he discovers a dark conspiracy to destroy his city. Reset: My Fight for Inclusion and Lasting Change   Ellen K. Pao (September 19, 2017) A fearless firsthand account of the authors gender discrimination lawsuit, which she filed against the venture capital firm, Kleinier Perkins in 2012.  Besides addressing the situations that led to the lawsuit, Ellen Pao also addresses the pervasive misogyny at home in the tech industry and our society as a whole. Prince: A Private View Afshin Shahidi (October 17, 2017) A collection of candid, personal, and powerful photographs of Prince, from the archives of his most trusted photographer. Dear Martin   Nic Stone (October 17, 2017) Justyce McAllister is top of his class and destined for the Ivy League when he is falsely arrested by the police and later released.  In order to cope with the chaos surrounding him Justyce begins writing a journal to Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., and wondering how well Dr. Kings teachings hold up in the modern world. Where the Past Begins   Amy Tan (October 17, 2017) The best-selling authors turns to nonfiction and examines the inspirations and truths of her fiction, including childhood memories, candid journal entries, and heartbreaking letters to and from her mother. A Conspiracy in Belgravia   Sherry Thomas (September 5, 2017) The second book in the Lady Sherlock series finds Charlotte Holmes investigating the disappearance of her illegitimate half brother, Myron Finch, as well as dealing with a surprising marriage proposal and an unidentified (and unexpected) corpse. Were Going to Need More Wine   Gabrielle Union (October 17, 2017) A collection of thoughtful and personal essays about gender, sexuality, race, beauty, and being a woman in the modern world. Save Save Save Save Save Save

Personal Statement Tip Dealing with Hardship

A friend of mine was recently going through a hard time. Things were going wrong, seriously wrong in her life. She wryly labeled these experiences character building. It is a sad truth that tragedy and trial build character strength and develop wisdom. Most of us would rather be weaker and stupider than have character building experiences, but we can see the additional muscle in ourselves after adversity has left its footprint. It is that imprint that you want to highlight when writing about obstacles overcome in essays. Recently on my thread in the Businessweek Forum a poster reminded me of an earlier post I had written on this topic. I am going to post her question and my response here: QUESTION: If you come from a disadvantaged background, how do you not make it seem whiney and trying to evoke sympathy from the Ad Comm. I tried to focus my essays on what I have learned from my background and how it has shaped me (really motivated me, huge reason for me getting into community service, etc.), rather than rambling about potential issues. OK, thats more than one question. J RESPONSE: That sounds like an excellent approach. You have to balance the need to show what you have overcome with showing that you have definitely overcome it. You dont want to come across as damaged goods; to the contrary you want to come across as stronger for your past experiences. We once had this double-stroller for our kids. We used it a lot with all of them, and we had it for roughly ten years, before we finally gave it away. For several years, the thing appeared indestructible. At one point (when #6 was a baby) something in the metal frame broke. I had it soldered back together and the workman told me that the solder should be stronger than the original metal. Your essay should show that you are stronger by virtue of your experiences. You dont want to come across as whiny, but as confident and strong. You dont want to evoke pity, but admiration.

What Percentage of the Human Brain Is Used

You may have heard that humans only use 10 percent of their brain power, and that if you could unlock the rest of your brainpower, you could do so much more. You could become a super genius, or acquire psychic powers like mind reading and telekinesis. However, there is a powerful body of evidence debunking the 10 percent myth. Scientists have consistently shown that humans use their entire brain throughout each day. Despite the evidence, the 10 percent myth has inspired many references in the cultural imagination. Films like Limitless and Lucy depict protagonists who develop godlike powers thanks to drugs that unleash the previously inaccessible 90 percent of the brain. A 2013 study showed that about 65 percent of Americans believe the trope, and a 1998 study showed that a full third of psychology majors, who focus on the workings of the brain, fell for it. Neuropsychology Neuropsychology studies how the anatomy of the brain affects someone’s behavior, emotion, and cognition. Over the years, brain scientists have shown that different parts of the brain are responsible for specific functions, whether it’s recognizing colors or problem solving. Contrary to the 10 percent myth, scientists have proven that every part of the brain is integral for our daily functioning, thanks to brain imaging techniques like positron emission tomography and functional magnetic resonance imaging. Research has yet to find a brain area that is completely inactive. Even studies that measure activity at the level of single neurons have not revealed any inactive areas of the brain.  Many brain imaging studies that measure brain activity when a person is doing a specific task show how different parts of the brain work together. For example, while you are reading this text on your smartphone, some parts of your brain, including those responsible for vision, reading comprehension, and holding your phone, will be more active. However, some brain images unintentionally support the 10 percent myth,  because they often show small bright splotches on an otherwise gray brain. This may imply that only the bright spots have brain activity, but that isn’t the case. Rather, colored splotches represent brain areas that are more active when someone’s doing a task compared to when they’re not. The gray spots are still active, just to a lesser degree. A more direct counter to the 10 percent myth lies in individuals who have suffered brain damage–through a stroke, head trauma, or carbon monoxide poisoning–and what they can no longer do as a result of that damage, or can still do just as well. If the 10 percent myth were true, damage to perhaps 90 percent of the brain wouldn’t affect daily functioning. Yet studies show that damaging even a very small part of the brain may have devastating consequences. For example, damage to Broca’s area hinders proper formation of words and fluent speech, though general language comprehension remains intact. In one highly publicized case, a Florida woman permanently lost her â€Å"capacity for thoughts, perceptions, memories, and emotions that are the very essence of being human† when a lack of oxygen destroyed half of her cerebrum, which makes up about 85 percent of the brain. Evolutionary Arguments Another line of evidence against the 10 percent myth comes from evolution. The adult brain only constitutes 2 percent of body mass, yet it consumes over 20 percent of the body’s energy. In comparison, the adult brains of many vertebrate species–including some fish, reptiles, birds, and mammals–consume 2 to 8 percent of their body’s energy. The brain has been shaped by millions of years of natural selection, which passes down favorable traits to increase likelihood of survival. It is unlikely that the body would dedicate so much of its energy to keep an entire brain functioning if it only uses 10 percent of the brain. The Origin of the Myth The main allure of the 10 percent myth is the idea that you could do so much more if only you could unlock the rest of your brain. Even with ample evidence suggesting the contrary, why do many people still believe that humans only use 10 percent of their brains? It’s unclear how the myth spread in the first place, but it has been popularized by self-help books, and may even also be grounded in older, flawed, neuroscience studies. The myth could be aligned with messages espoused by self-improvement books, which show you ways to do better and live up to your potential.  For example, the preface to the notorious How to Win Friends and Influence People says that the average person â€Å"develops only 10 percent of his latent mental ability.† This statement, which is traced back to psychologist William James, refers to a person’s potential to achieve more rather than how much brain matter they used. Others have even said that Einstein explained his brilliance using the 10 percent myth, though these claims remain unfounded. Another possible source of the myth lies in â€Å"silent† brain areas from older neuroscience research. In the 1930s, for instance, neurosurgeon Wilder Penfield hooked electrodes to the exposed brains of his epilepsy patients while operating on them. He noticed that particular brain areas triggered the experience various sensations, but while others seemed to cause no reaction. Still, as technology evolved, researchers found that these â€Å"silent† brain areas, which included the prefrontal lobes, had major functions after all. Resources and Further Reading Beyerstein, B.L. â€Å"Whence Cometh the Myth That We Only Use 10% of Our Brains?† Mind Myths: Exploring Popular Assumptions about the Mind and Brain, edited by Sergio Della Sala, Wiley, 1999, pp. 3-24.Broadfoot, Marla Vacek. â€Å"How Do Brain Scans Work?† Raleigh News Observer, 27 Jan. 2013.â€Å"Exploding the 10 Percent Myth.† Science Consciousness Review.Higbee, Kenneth L., and Samuel L. Clay. â€Å"College Students Beliefs in the Ten-Percent Myth.† The Journal of Psychology, vol. 132, no. 5, 1998, pp. 469-476.Jarrett, Christian. Great Myths of the Brain. Wiley Blackwell, 2014.McDougle, Sam. â€Å"You Already Use Way, Way More Than 10 Percent of Your Brain.† The Atlantic, 7 Aug. 2014.Mink, J. W., et al. â€Å"Ratio of Central Nervous System to Body Metabolism in Vertebrates: Its Constancy and Functional Basis.† American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, vol. 241, no. 3, 1 Sept. 1981, pp. R203-R212 .â€Å"New Survey Finds Americans Care about Brain Health, but Misperceptions Abound.† The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinsons Research, 25 Sept. 2013.Tandon, Prakashnarain. â€Å"Not so ‘Silent’: The Human Prefrontal Cortex.† Neurology India, vol. 61, no. 6, 2013, pp. 578-580.Vreeman, Rachel C, and Aaron E Carroll. â€Å"Medical Myths.† BMJ, vol. 335, no. 7633, 20 Dec. 2007, pp. 1288-1289.Wanjek, Christopher. Bad Medicine: Misconceptions and Misuses Revealed, from Distance Healing to Vitamin O. Wiley, 2003.

Robotic Surgery Technology And Equipment - 1335 Words

As human improves technology every day, he also progresses in medicine and surgical procedures. The most painful and invasive surgeries done centuries ago are now easily done due to improved technology and equipment. Without the help of the new technology provided in health care today, the most common procedures would have been incredibly difficult to not only perform, but also to recover from. Robotic surgery is an advanced technology with a serious mechanism that operates patients with the use of smallest technical instruments instead of traditional operation where a doctor directly performs the surgery. Surgical robots are designed with two arms that are used during the operation and while the surgeon monitors through a 3D camera. This†¦show more content†¦For certain cases where surgeons face technical difficulties, the facility should have the ability to convert to laparoscopy upon surgeon’s request. Such technical issues that impact patient safety would require the presence of engineers and technicians to troubleshoot the robotic surgeons during the surgery, however, the engineers’ guidelines are for the use of the machine during the surgery or to troubleshoot after an incident. A study done based on the adverse events data related to robotic systems and instruments used surgery and a report to MAUDE from January 2000 to December 2013 indicate that during the study period, 144 deaths (1.4% of the 10,624 reports), 1,391 patient injuries (13.1%), and 8,061 device malfunctions (75.9%) occurred. Device and instrument malfunctions, such as falling of burnt/broken pieces of instruments into the patient (14.7%), electrical arcing of instruments (10.5%), unintended operation of instruments (8.6%), system errors (5%), and video/imaging problems (2.6%), constituted a major part of the reports. In 1,104 (10.4%) of the events, the procedure was interrupted to restart the system (3.1%), to convert the procedure to non-robotic techniques (7.3%), or to reschedule it to a later time (2.5%) (Alemzadeh, Iyer, Kalbarczyk, Leveson, Raman, 2015). As the surgical and medical field continues to adopt advanced technological machines and equipment, safety based design technicsShow MoreRelatedPolitical Implications And Robotic Surgery1285 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿The 21st century can rightfully be considered as the era of technology when the new inventions and discoveries will most likely affect all the segments of human life. At this point, some of the breakthrough inventions of our times have been in the medical field. Robotic surgery has become an almost common practice in the advanced medical world and new uses for robotic assisted surgery are everyday set in place. However, such developments also attract different interests and implications. ThereRead MoreTechnology And Medicine : Are Robotic Surgeons Better Than Human Surgeons?1714 Words   |  7 PagesTechnology and Medicine: Are Robotic Surgeons Better Than Human Surgeons? Today, robots are utilized to execute highly specific, precise, and dangerous tasks in industry and research previously not possible with a human work force. We depend on robots to build our cars, land our planes, and operate at a level of precision and accuracy with dedicated motions scalable in speed and force unreachable for human beings. Oxford Dictionaries define robots as â€Å"A machine capable of automatically carrying outRead MoreRobotic Surgery : Content And The Media1223 Words   |  5 Pages Robotic Surgery Content and the Media Introduction The controversy on the mind of the hero’s or celebrities of robotic surgery, are within the medical professional community. 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Due to the technologicalRead MoreThe Uprising Of Robotic Surgery Essay1162 Words   |  5 PagesThe Uprising of Robotic Surgery The newest surgical procedure As the years pass, technology is advancing rapidly in many different areas, particularly in medicine. Just 15 years ago, people did not have access to the medical technology available today. Patients are operated on differently and the medical field is continuously advancing to ensure the safest and fasted way to perform a surgery and decrease the recovery time that follows. In recent years, the use of robotics in surgery has grown extensivelyRead MoreImpact Of Social Media On Society1443 Words   |  6 PagesTechnology has always played a role in society. From politics, economics, and culture, it has shaped how the world into what we see today. Major advancements in military technology, healthcare, communication and production have led the way to unprecedented growth not only in the United States, but in emerging countries as well. However, with advancements, comes drawbacks; and some are massive. From social media, medicine, to communications, even to the atomic bomb; the advantag es are noticeable,Read MoreRobotic Surgery : The Medical Professional Community1501 Words   |  7 Pages The controversy on the mind of the hero’s or celebrities of robotic surgery, are within the medical professional community. The surgeons, universities and hospitals are that are discussing as well as attempt to prove with no avail, that the addition of a robot to minimally-invasive surgeries (minimally-invasive surgery is surgical techniques limit the size of incisions needed and thus lessens wound healing time, associated pain and risk of infection), has improved their performance and resultsRead MoreRobotic Surgery1167 Words   |  5 Pagesyou haven’t heard about it before: robotic surgery. Today, I would like to inform you about the definition and the types of robotic surgery, their advantages and their disadvantages. let us start by introducing robotic surgery. Defined by Allrefer.com:  « Robotic surgery is a technique in which a surgeon performs surgery using a computer that remotely controls very small instruments attached to a robot ». () In his article, What are the types of robotic surgery?, Mike selvon explains about the Read MoreOverview Of Robotic Surgery765 Words   |  3 PagesRobotic Surgery A laparoscopic approach appears to be associated with a reduction in surgical trauma and blood loss. In addition, it is presumable that some of the benefits of minimally invasive surgery such as reduced analgesic requirements, a shorter recovery period and reduced hospital stay (Kuhry, 2005). It has become a forerunner in the quest of improving surgical results by dropping postoperative pain and lessening recovery time. Yet, the use of laparoscopic instruments can be awkward and

Blue-Collar African American Life in Killer of Sheep by...

Every so often a film is made that makes a major impact on the culture of cinema. Charles Burnett with his film Killer of Sheep (2007) made that impact. The film was created by Burnett as his masters thesis from the UCLA film school in 1977, but was not formally released until 2007 (Burnett, Milestone Films). Even though it wasn’t released for almost thirty years, the film received international praise. Killer of Sheep brought to life a new image of African American cinema and created a powerful impression of life in the black ghetto. Burnett created a realistic image of African American blue-collar life in a non-traditional structure that changed African American cinema. Burnett set Killer of Sheep in the Watts neighborhood of Los†¦show more content†¦The film was shot on a very low budget of about Ten Thousand dollars (Burnett, Milestone Films). Everything was shot hands-on with life in Watts. This helped to contribute the neo-realism style of the film. The film mos tly deals with the life of Stan (Henry G. Sanders), a kind-hearted slaughterhouse worker who struggles to get anywhere in life. The film follows Stan as he goes through day-to-day life. There is no connection major story arch to scenes in the film. It is events as Stan tries to get ahead in life, but he never seems to get anywhere. This idea is solidified by the additional shots of children playing that find their place throughout the film. Killer of Sheep starts with a group of children playing war with dirt clots and hiding behind plywood scraps. These breaks to shots of children add to realism and complete image of poor African American life. The struggle isn’t just the adults, but also the children who make the best of their living situations. Burnett was able to capture African American life in a very real way that had not yet been seen in cinema. What Burnett captures about African American life in the black ghetto is feeling of running in place with no way out. Stan is never given a break. It creates the feeling of being trapped with no way out. Stan does many things throughout the film that take him nowhere. At one point in the film he attempts to take his family and friends to the horse races. On the way

Informatics Solution Proposal - 1456 Words

Informatics Solution Proposal (Part Three): Areas of Evaluation Nicole Thomason, Anna Davis-Walker, Jacqueline Rankin, Lynda Venezia, and Rhonda Freeman HCS/482 October 26, 2015 Kevin Hamon Informatics Solution Proposal (Part Three): Areas of Evaluation With the increase in admission to bed times seen in multiple healthcare facilities across the nation, a need to have better access to the available hospital beds is a necessity. We are in agreement that an electronic bed tracking system is a viable option to help decrease this time length, thus allowing for better continuation of patient care. As a team we have picked two different companies and decided on criteria that staff and management can agree upon. We have looked at the†¦show more content†¦Patient information is transferred directly from registration or scheduling system interface which eliminates the need for redundant data entry. This solution allow health care facilities and systems to provide services that will enable quality care delivery, enhance patient flow, and ensure hospital operations are delivering the results the hospital needs. TeleTracking is a full resource solution package that integrates with just about any other system solution. The bed tracking provides for a method to monitor the entire patient flow. With this solution we can now determine the appropriate actions required to reduce bottlenecks and manage staffing requirements throughout the day. The combination of patient and room indicators along with the bed board features further improve placement and throughput by enabling patients to be assigned to specific beds that match their clinical requirements before they arrive or before the beds are even available. Versustech software solution has many advantages over other patient flow software because it drives efficiency by reducing time spent searching for people and assets. 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When asked about the reasons of the failure of the project during his role as a BA he mentioned that in the organization in which he was working some of the BA’s were experienced system analysts who were not comfortable with the business requirements and the solutions that were required to meet them. He also mentioned thatRead MoreThe Nurse s Performance During Their Handoff Report Essay881 Words   |  4 Pagesevidence-based practice, quality improvement approaches, and informatics.† (IOM, 2013). This paper analyzes an overview of nurse’s survey, direct observation on the BSR, a literature summary, nursing challenges and r ecommendations that might improve patient safety and quality of care. 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Pollution Free Essays

According to the Caribbean Environment for CXC Geography, Pollution is a substance which causes an undesirable change in the physical, chemical or biological environment. Although there are some natural pollutants such as volcanoes, pollution generally occurs because of human activity. Pollution occurs in three ways: Land, Water and Air. We will write a custom essay sample on Pollution or any similar topic only for you Order Now Pollution may affect: the atmosphere. This is Air Pollution, rivers, seas, lakes and groundwater. This is Water Pollution, rocks and the soil. This is Land Pollution. No part of the world is free from air pollution. In the Arctic and Antarctic, the air appears clear; but traces of industrial chemicals can be found in the atmosphere and in falling snow. In most of the Caribbean , the air also appears clean. The trade winds blow from the east, across several thousand kilometers at open ocean. However, both worldwide and locally generated air pollution affect the region. Production of excess carbon dioxide and greenhouse gases is a form of air pollution, which has worldwide effects. Families and businesses produce increasing quantities of solid waste-kitchen garbage, paper, plastics, glass and other material. Some waste is hazardous, for example if it contains poisonous materials such as lead or dioxin chemicals. Some solid waste is taken to dump sites. This creates many problems: †¢ Rotting organic matter releases sulphur compounds and gases. †¢ Decomposing organic matter releases methane, or gas which creates a fire hazard. †¢ Hazardous waste may release heavy metals and other dangerous chemicals. Old Harbour Bay is a settlement in Jamaica. It has a population of 8,537 as of 2009. On the Southern road from Spanish Town is the town of Old Harbour Bay which has 17,883 people. On the coast five kilometers (3 miles) from Old Harbour is Old Harbour Bay, the largest fishing village in Jamaica. It has a fine harbour with one of the best deep-water piers in the island. The main generating power plant of the Jamaica Public Service is in Old Harbour Bay. Wastewater usually goes to absorption pits or septic tank on site. Few towns (20%) have wastewater treatment facilities. Other issues related to sanitation come from solid waste disposal. Much of the ground and open storm sewers are littered with cans, bottles, etc. The storm sewers seem to be a convenient trash can. Much of the waste in the storm sewers wash out to sea polluting the waters and contaminating the fish and coral reefs. Old Harbour Bay also is a small fishing village. The pollution mostly occur at Old Harbour Bay pollution. This is do because there was mainly garbages on the land. These occur by dumping, burning and deposition of solid waste which causes the degradation of the Earth’s land surfaces which caused often by human activities and their misuse of land resources. The second most pollution occurs at Old Harbour Bay, is Water Pollution. This is so because when they throw back the fish guts in the water it causes the water to became brown and dirty which is not good for fishes. Oil spill also occur when the boats and ship set out to sea and there is oil leaking out. There is also a lot of water on the land which needs to be sorted out by building a drainage pattern for the water to run-off and not causing puddles for diseases to develop. How to cite Pollution, Essay examples

Classification Essay Example For Students

Classification Essay Classification in biology, is the identification, naming, and groupingof organisms into a formal system. The vast numbers of living forms arenamed and arranged in an orderly manner so that biologists all over theworld can be sure they know the exact organism that is being examinedand discussed. Groups of organisms must be defined by the selection ofimportant characteristics, or shared traits, that make the members ofeach group similar to one another and unlike members of other groups. Modern classification schemes also attempt to place groups intocategories that will reflect an understanding of the evolutionaryprocesses underlying the similarities and differences among organisms. Such categories form a kind of pyramid, or hierarchy, in which thedifferent levels should represent the different degrees of evolutionaryrelationship. The hierarchy extends upward from several million species,each made up of individual organisms that are closely related, to a fewkingdoms, each containing large assemblages of organisms, many of whichare only distantly related. Carolus Linnaeus is probably the single most dominant figure insystematic classification. Born in 1707, he had a mind that was orderlyto the extreme. People sent him plants from all over the world, and hewould devise a way to relate them. At the age of thirty-two he was theauthor of fourteen botanical works. His two most famous were GeneraPlantarum, developing an artificial sexual system, and SpeciesPlantarum, a famous work where he named and classified every plant knownto him, and for the first time gave each plant a binomial. This binomial system was a vast improvement over some of the olddescriptive names for plants used formerly. Before Linnaeus, Catnip wasknown as: Nepeta floribus interrupte spicatis pedunculatis which is abrief description of the plant. Linnaeus named it Nepetacatariacataria meaning, pertaining to cats. The binomialnomenclature is not only more precise and standardized; it also relatesplants together, thus adding much interest and information in the name. For instance, Solanum relates the potato, the tomato and the Nightshade. Binomial ClassificationEarly on in naming species taxonomists realized that there would have tobe a universal system of nomenclature. A system that was not affected bylanguage barriers, and would also classify the millions of speciesthroughout the world. Binomial classification in its simplest form is away of naming a species by means of two names both in Latin. Latin wasoriginally used because it was the language of the founders of theclassification system, like Carolus Linnaeus, but it continues to beused presently because it is a dead language. This means that it is nolonger changing or evolving, so it stays the same and can be useduniversally, without confusion. Carolus Linnaeus (see Appendix A, Image1) first introduced binomial classification, which is why he is known asthe father of the modern day classification system. In Binomial classification the first name, which begins with a capitalletter is known as the Genus it is always capitalized. The genus is agroup of species more closely related to one another than any othergroup of species. The genus is more inclusive than the species becauseit often contains many species. The second part of the binomialrepresents the species itself and is always printed with all letters inlower case. A species is a group of individuals that are alike in manydifferent ways. Individuals are in the same species if they are:1. Are able to mate with those similar to themselves. 2. Produce young that are themselves able to reproduce. As an example, in the cat family, the genus Panthera is coupled with thespecies leo to form Panthera leo, the Lion. Likewise, Panthera iscoupled with tigris, to form Panthera tigris the Tiger. In simplifiedterns both the Lion(see Appendix A, image 2) and Tiger share commontraits and a common genus Panthera, whilst clearly remaining separatespecies. To allow further subdivision, the prefixes sub- and super- maybe added to any category. In addition, special intermediatecategories-such as branch (between kingdom and phylum), cohort (betweenclass and order), and tribe (between family and genus)-may be used incomplex classifications. .ufc6a17535561d3c96c57d3b304c34a0a , .ufc6a17535561d3c96c57d3b304c34a0a .postImageUrl , .ufc6a17535561d3c96c57d3b304c34a0a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufc6a17535561d3c96c57d3b304c34a0a , .ufc6a17535561d3c96c57d3b304c34a0a:hover , .ufc6a17535561d3c96c57d3b304c34a0a:visited , .ufc6a17535561d3c96c57d3b304c34a0a:active { border:0!important; } .ufc6a17535561d3c96c57d3b304c34a0a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufc6a17535561d3c96c57d3b304c34a0a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufc6a17535561d3c96c57d3b304c34a0a:active , .ufc6a17535561d3c96c57d3b304c34a0a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufc6a17535561d3c96c57d3b304c34a0a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufc6a17535561d3c96c57d3b304c34a0a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufc6a17535561d3c96c57d3b304c34a0a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufc6a17535561d3c96c57d3b304c34a0a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufc6a17535561d3c96c57d3b304c34a0a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufc6a17535561d3c96c57d3b304c34a0a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufc6a17535561d3c96c57d3b304c34a0a .ufc6a17535561d3c96c57d3b304c34a0a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufc6a17535561d3c96c57d3b304c34a0a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Academic Honesty EssayClosely related species are a genus, closely related genera (plural formof genus) are grouped together in a family. Closely related families aregrouped into an order, and so on, into more inclusive categories, orlevels in the classification hierarchy. Taxonomic Hierarchy Approximately one and a half million species have been classified andthere are estimates that over five million species remain to bediscovered. For biologists to order this mass of information, ascientific system called taxonomy was introduced. The basic idea is togroup species with similar characteristics together into families, andto group the families together into broader grouping s. To this end, thetaxonomic categories where devised, and they create the taxonomichierarchy. The hierarchy goes (with an example):*CategoriesExample KingdomAnimalia Phylum (Plural = Phyla)Cordata*In plants, this category is often called a division*ClassMammalia OrderCarnivora Family Canidae GenusCanis Species Lupus (the Wolf)Every species is in only one genus. Similarly, every genus is in onlyone family, and so forth up the hierarchy. The most inclusive categoryfor classifying groups of similar organisms is the Kingdom. It is arguedexactly how many Kingdoms there are though. Up until recently, only twokingdoms were generally used, the plant and animal kingdoms. Now howeverthere are 5 established kingdoms and one controversial unofficialkingdom. The 5 kingdoms:1. Kingdom Animalia (The Animal Kingdom) ex: Multi-cellular motile organisms, which feed heterotrophically(Humans) 2. Kingdom Plantae (The Plant Kingdom) ex: Multi-cellular organisms, which feed by photosynthesis (Tulips) 3. Kingdom Protista (The Protist Kingdom) ex: Protozoa and single-celled algae 4. Kingdom Fungi (The Fungus Kingdom) ex: Yeast 5. Kingdom Monera (The Monera Kingdom) ex: Bacteria and blue-green algae Parallel to these Kingdoms, but not included, are the Viruses. Theseare acellular entities with many of the properties of other life forms,but are genetically and structurally too dissimilar to the speciescategorized above to fit into that scheme of taxonomy. Although this system is complex and intricate at times, itsuniversality makes it a necessity. With out the system presently in usethe world would be years and years behind in their task to name all ofthe living organisms on earth. This system is great but it is alwayspossible that some new finding could cause the system to evolve tobecome more inclusive. This system is by no means set in stone, andLinnaeus would probably be astounded to see the way that it has evolvedsince his original system. Appendix ACarolus Linnaeus (Image1)Panthera leo (Image 2)BibliographyBerkely University. www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/linnaeus.html/Galbraith, Don. Understanding Biology. John Wiley and Sons. Toronto. 1989,Microsoft. Encarta Encyclopedia 97. Microsoft Corporation. 1997

Western Art Music Secular music of the middle ages Essay Example For Students

Western Art Music Secular music of the middle ages Essay Hundreds of these songs were created and performed and eventually notated by bands of musicians flourishing across Europe during the 12th and 13th centuries, the most famous of which were the French trousers and troubadours. The monophonic melodies of these musicians, to which may have been added improvised accompaniments, were often rhythmically lively. The subject of the overwhelming majority of these songs is love. Most of which are performed by wandering minstrels. Instruments most probably used in secular music during the middle ages may include drums, harps, recorders, and bagpipes were the instruments used in secular music because they were easy for the traveling musicians to tote about. Instruments were taught through oral tradition and provided great dancing music and accompanied the stanzas well. There are many composers which composed secular music. These composers were known as Troubadours and trousers. They are French nobles. Among the best known of these poet-musicians are were the troubadour Gallinule X, duke of Aquatint, from southern France. We will write a custom essay on Western Art Music Secular music of the middle ages specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now As well as trouper, Chasteness De Couch, from rather France. Not all were men, Beatrice De Did was a troubadour who addressed songs to men. Western Art Music Secular music of the middle ages By Tom-Torn 1300 and Died in 1377, he was famous as a musician as well as a poet, An avian garden or Vanguard which means someone who leads to make a development of new ideas. Composer, poet and most known representative of the Ears Nova tradition. He was respected, not only in his native country, but also in Italy, Spain and other parts of Europe. Born in the French province of Champagne. Around 1323, he became secretary and chaplain to John, King of Bohemia, whom he accompanied on trips and military campaigns throughout Europe. Spent most of his years in in Reams, where he served as a church official. Gallinule also wrote sacred and secular polyphonic music. He traveled to many courts and presented copies of his music and poetry to noble patrons. These copies made Gallinule one of the first important composers whose works have survived. Among his works are 42 ballads 23 motets; most known of which is Messes De Monster Dame. Another composer is John Denotable born in England around 1385 died on December 24, 1453 in London He was also known as John Denotable; one of the leading English composers of his time. His works influenced other composers including Gallinule Duffy and Gilles Ponchos. Aside from being a composer, he was also an astronomer and mathematician. He wrote sacred pieces, secular songs and motets. Some of his known works are: 2 complete masses, 3 incomplete masses, and 14 individual mass sections. Geoffrey Chaucer There are many secular compositions during the Middle ages, some of them are

Sample Compare and Contrast Essay College Level

Sample Compare and Contrast Essay College LevelYou may think that the sample compare and contrast essay college level requires a lot of thought and research to compile and write, but this article will show you how to get the most out of it. Sure, you can keep researching and you could always hire a professional to make sure your essay is perfect for college, but do you really want to have to do all that work just to be the best? Maybe you want to get some extra money by writing this type of essay because you are not able to do your school work, or maybe you simply want to make more money so you can travel to Hawaii and buy a new RV!The most important thing you need to know is that sample compare and contrast essay college level is not a difficult task. All you need to do is to organize all the required materials and create an outline of the entire essay. A good outline will not only allow you to write more effectively, but it will also help you be organized and finished with it befor e you know it.The first thing you should do before you begin writing your sample compare and contrast essay college level is to get all the information you need. Start with the most basic of all materials, the school report. Usually a school report includes some results from your tests, class attendance, and any other data you think is important. If you do not have a school report, then consider getting one.The next things you will need to include the assignment and the papers you will be submitting. Many times you will have to send in an original essay rather than writing a rewrite. If you decide to go this route then make sure you send in only one paper per essay and make sure that each paper is exactly the same.It is important to make sure that you send in all the papers the same way so that the school can see what each student is really capable of. They will most likely judge you based on how well you present your essay.The next thing you should do before you begin writing your sample compare and contrast essay college level is to organize all the required materials that you will need. After you have organized everything you should now be ready to sit down and start writing your sample compare and contrast essay.Another very important thing to remember is that you should begin your sample compare and contrast essay college level immediately after you get everything organized. While you might not want to look at your essay until you are about to submit it, it would be a lot better if you wait until you have some ideas to write. This will help you to find what parts of your essay need work and what parts are already perfect.

Native Speaker - Definition and Examples in English

Native Speaker s in English In language studies, native speaker  is a controversial term for a person who  speaks  and writes using his or her  native language  (or mother tongue). Put simply, the traditional view is that the language of a native speaker is determined by birthplace. Contrast with non-native speaker. Linguist Braj Kachru identifies native speakers of English as those who have grown up in the Inner Circle  of countries- Britain, America, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. An extremely proficient speaker of a second language  is sometimes referred to as a near-native speaker. When a person acquires a second-language at a very young age, the distinction between native and non-native speaker becomes ambiguous. A child may be a native speaker of more than one language as long as the acquisition process starts early, says Alan Davies. After puberty (Felix, 1987), it becomes difficult- not impossible, but very difficult (Birdsong, 1992)- to become a native speaker. (The Handbook of Applied Linguistics, 2004). In recent years, the concept of the native speaker has come under criticism, especially in connection with the study of World English,  New Englishes, and English as a Lingua Franca:   While there may be linguistic differences between native and non-native speakers of English, the native speaker is really a political construct carrying a particular ideological baggage (Stephanie Hackert in World EnglishesProblems, Properties and Prospects, 2009). Examples and Observations The terms native speaker and non-native speaker suggest a clear-cut distinction that doesnt really exist. Instead it can be seen as a continuum, with someone who has complete control of the language in question at one end, to the beginner at the other, with an infinite range of proficiencies to be found in between.(Caroline Brandt, Success on Your Certificate Course in English Language Teaching. Sage, 2006) The Common-Sense View The concept of a native speaker seems clear enough, doesnt it? It is surely a common sense idea, referring to people who have a special control over a language, insider knowledge about their language. . . . But just how special is the native speaker? This common-sense view is important and has practical implications, . . . but the common-sense view alone is inadequate and needs the support and explanation given by a thorough theoretical discussion is lacking.(Alan Davies, The Native Speaker: Myth and Reality. Multilingual Matters, 2003) The Ideology of the Native Speaker Model [T]he notion of native speakersometimes referred to as the ideology of the native speaker model- in the field of second language education has been a powerful principle that influences almost every aspect of language teaching and learning . . .. The notion of native speaker takes for granted the homogeneity among, and superiority of the linguistic competence of native speakers and legitimizes the unequal power relations between native and non-native speakers. (Neriko Musha Doerr and Yuri Kumagai, Towards a Critical Orientation in Second Language Education.  The Native Speaker Concept. Walter de Gruyter, 2009) An Ideal Native Speaker I know several foreigners whose command of English I could not fault, but they themselves deny they are native speakers. When pressed on this point, they draw attention to such matters as . . . their lack of awareness of childhood associations, their limited passive knowledge of varieties, the fact that there are some topics which they are more comfortable discussing in their first language. I couldn’t make love in English, said one man to me. . . . In an ideal native speaker, there is a chronologically based awareness, a continuum from birth to death where there are no gaps. In an ideal non-native speaker, this continuum either does not start with birth, or if it does, the continuum has been significantly broken at some point. (I’m a case of the latter, in fact, having been brought up in a Welsh-English environment until nine, then moving to England, where I promptly forgot most of my Welsh, and would no longer now claim to be a native speaker, even though I have many childhood associations and instinctive forms.)(David Crystal, quoted by T. M. Paikeday in The Native Speaker Is Dead: An Informal Discussion of a Linguistic Myth. Paikeday, 1985)

Writing a Research Paper APA

Writing a Research Paper APA Writing a Research Paper APA Writing a Research Paper APA: Meeting the Requirements A research paper is a serious academic work. It should be done properly in all aspects. Thus, not only the logical structure of the contents but also the form of the paper plays an important role in the process of assessment. Thus, while writing your research paper, pay attention to its format. Writing a research paper APA means that you should keep all the rules of this style. For example, you should pay attention to typeface, line spacing, margins and headings. You should use Times New Roman or Arial font, 1 inch margins, the text should be double-spaced. Align the text to the left margin. As for headings, writing a research paper APA suggests using of 5 levels of headings:Centered, boldface, uppercase and lowercase headings Left-aligned, boldface, uppercase and lowercase headings Indented, boldface, lowercase headings ending with a period Indented, boldface, italicized, lowercase headings ending with period Indented , italicized, lowercase headings ending with period Remember: this is some kind of hierarchy. You should use headlines of the first level first. Writing a research paper APA: the main elements of a paper According to the APA style a research paper must contain such compulsory elements:Title page Abstract Introduction Methods Results Discussions References Appendices Pay attention to page numbering! The title page is the first, the abstract is the second page, the introduction begins from the third page and so on. Writing a research paper APA: reference list There are some requirements concerning references that should be fulfilled while writing a research paper APA. References should include all the works of people whose ideas, theories or practical results you chose as the basis of your research and stated in your research paper. Remember that you should state the sources in the reference list even if you are paraphrasing or just describing them. Otherwise, it will be plagiarism. References should contain the following elements: the authors name (if source has two or more authors, you should mention the names of all of them), the publication date, the title of the work and the publication data. The works should be arranged alphabetically. So, these are the main requirements of writing a research paper APA format. You should meet them if you want to write a good research paper. Anyway, if you are lost about writing a research paper APA style and need help, you are welcome to address us.

LensCrafters Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

LensCrafters - Essay Example riendly service should never be discounted as efforts to specifically address consumers gives them a sense of power as they enter into a room ready to serve them. The lessons learned from Lenscrafteres’ are to differentiate, provide high levels of service, and to be convenient without sacrificing quality. The strategy that is used by Lenscrafter in order to compete in the eyewear market is high levels of service. Service is made a visible entity as the customer can watch as their eyeglasses are being made. The service that is provided is intended to be completed within an hour, making it a convenient process which leads to the second characteristic. The second characteristic that defines the competitive priorities for Lenscrafters’ is that of convenience. Where most eyewear operations require several days to order and then receive the glasses that a customer has ordered, the Lenscrafters’ model is based on a fast turnaround that provide the consumer with their product within the same shopping experience. The average turnaround time is one hour (Collier & Evans, 2010). The final characteristic explored here is that of quality. Quality is the lynchpin characteristic of the development of the competitive advantages that Lenscrafters’ holds. Everything from the design of the store to the view of the workers in the lab promotes the idea of quality. Although service and convenience are the basis on which the store operates, it is through quality that they create relationships with consumers, outdistancing the competition by crating high quality eyewear in a short period of time with a high level of service. The service delivery system design is structured through the development of the store locations. The store locations use a number of different design features in order to facilitate the best possible experience for the consumer. The first element of the design is that it is created in order to evoke a high level of professionalism. The display of

A personality profile of an individual whom you think is worthy of Essay

A personality profile of an individual whom you think is worthy of capturing - Essay Example It was two years since she’d retired at the early age of forty-nine years old, but these two habits she had kept hold of. It was something she worried about, the only two cracks in her otherwise perfect life. There were many other people at her church, of course, who smoked and drank coffee, but few did so as much as she did, and, while Wanda did not judge them she felt her own shortcomings were making her less of a Christian than she should be. She wanted to devote her retirement years to her community and her Lord, not cigarette companies and the jitters of caffeine addiction. And lately she had been tired so often, even with the coffee. So she had resolved to quit—the cigarettes, at least. It was the worst habit, and though it had given her the deep, husky voice that made her stand out so much in the choir, the one she worried about the most. What if it killed her? She was not worried for herself so much as her family. She had made her peace with this world long ago, and if the Lord called her up, she was ready to go. But she wanted to make things good for others, and wondered what her brother and sisters would do without her when she was gone. â€Å"Oh Lord,† she half-sang as the coffee brewed in the pale light of her morning kitchen, â€Å"Oh Lord, be kind to this old sinner!† Before driving to her doctor to get a prescription for a patch, she listened to the voice messages on her phone. One was from Donna, who was biologically her niece but whose mother had passed away when they were young, and whom Wanda had always treated as a true sister. The younger woman thanked her for the loan she had given her years ago, saying she had just gotten the money to pay it back, and that she hoped Wanda could come for dinner later in the week to celebrate. Wanda didn’t mind about the money, but it would be nice to see Donna again after so long. In the car she lit another cigarette and had smoked half of it before she realized what she was doing. Her fingers fidgeted with the cigarette but she couldn’t bring herself to put it down. Quitting was going to be hard. The doctor gave her a prescription for the patch, and ran some blood tests to see what was fatiguing her. She spent the next few days trying to cut down, but it was hard. The only time she was really free was at the piano, when her fingers could fly across the black-and-white keys and she could close her eyes and be both apart from and inside herself. She would listen to a piece on the radio—she had never had a teacher, and had taught herself by listening, in the breaks from her thankless job, and endless practice—and then sit still, breathe, and let her fingers go where they would. In these times she felt truly happy, and as if the peace would soon envelop her entire being. A month after she had gotten the patch, which had only been partially successful at curing her habit, she got a piece of mail from the doctor which contained the r esults of her test. She tried to focus on the charts and analyses, but in the end only one thing got through to her: the diagnosis which said: LUNG CANCER, TERMINAL. Alone at her kitchen table, with the coffee still brewing, Wanda Jones cried. She quit smoking right then, though it was useless. As the weeks stretched into months, her body faded, the ridged lip lines that were the sign of her long habit sinking in and becoming flat and smooth as the fat left her. Her ex-husband, who she hadn’t seen for years, and who had beat her on occasion, came

A Critique of The Giver :: Giver Essays

A Critique of The Giver The purpose of this book was to show us a possible version of a "Utopia". It was a fantasy oriented book, that was suppose to make you think about the possibilities for the future. The setting is a supposedly perfect society where everyone is taken care of and no one is different. The author Lois Lowry does a fine job portraying this supposedly "ideal" society. This book began with a description of sameness and release the two general principles the society functions on. It then continues while Jonas (the main character) waits to receive his assignment in the community. Waiting to find out what his assignment is, and what it entails doing are rises in action. The climax is when the plan to escape the society is being conceived and the actual escape itself. The falling action is when he is escaping from the search planes and trying to keep himself and Gabriel alive. The ending is when he feels triumph at the top of the hill and then sleds down it to his new family, his first memory that belongs to him. There were many characters in this book the main one being Jonas. Jonas is a child in this supposed "Utopia" who ends up with the most important assignment of all the "Receiver of Memory". The Receiver holds all the memories of the whole community so the community does not have to be bothered with feelings and the emotional baggage that comes with them. Jonas's trainer the "Giver" is a old man who passes the memories on to Jonas and eventually thinks of the plan to escape. The Giver also adopts Jonas and Rosemary as his own kids in a way. He had a previous "Receiver" named Rosemary who applied for and received release. Release is the term for death in this community. So when Rosemary was released her memories went back to the community. Jonas and the Giver were talking about this when the Giver got the idea of how to get Jonas away from the community and get the community back its emotions and feelings. Gabriel was a another influential character he was a baby staying with Jonas's family till he was

American History 1800 to 1877

The emergence of the United States as an independent nation, towards the end of the 18th century, was an epochal happening in contemporary history. It led to the creation of the world’s wealthiest and mightiest power, and the subsequent development of a rich and vibrant society that influenced humankind in numerous ways. The future of the United States was, however the furthest thing on the minds of the people who inhabited the North American continent in the beginning of the nineteenth century.Aggressive European settlers, black slaves and the original inhabitants of the country, descendents of people who had come from Serbia thousands of years ago and known as Native Americans or American Indians, peopled the land. The European settlers, mainly from Britain, were adventurers, people willing to take huge risks and endure enormous physical hardship to build a future for their families and children. The black people lived and worked as slaves in farms and workshops.Captured fro m villages and farms in Africa by white slave traders, thousands of Africans, mostly from the Sudan, came to North America in shackles, and aboard slave ships, in the 17th and 18th centuries. White farmers and settlers purchased the captive Africans from these traders and used them as slaves, on farms and plantations, mostly in horrific conditions. The children of slaves grew up in bondage and lived lives of legal slavery, Thus at the turn of the 18th century, hundreds of thousands of black Americans worked as slaves in America.While black slaves lived everywhere, their populations were concentrated in the agricultural economy of the south, where the requirement for human labor necessitated their presence in large numbers. The Native Americans, termed also as Indians, were the original inhabitants of the land. A nomadic and innocent people, they belonged to different tribes and roamed all over the continent on horseback, living on game and agriculture.The Native American people, at the beginning of the nineteenth century, were in a state of perplexity, disorder and dismay, confronted, as they were, by whites who were not just strongly armed, intelligent, organized, avaricious and cruel, but also wished to devour their lands and drive them away from their habitat. The nineteenth century is an epochal period in American history, characterized by continuous interaction and confrontation between the white European settlers, the black slaves and brown Native Americans.The period ended with the total domination of the white man, the eclipse of the proud Native American and the beginning of black emancipation. This essay attempts to analyse the events of the period 1800 to 1877 and examine the premise that the fiery and independent spirit of the Native Americans, quite distinct from the submissive and relatively docile attitude of the black slaves, increased their threat perception in the eyes of the whites and led to their near complete decimation in the United Stat es. 2. The End of Slavery Slavery in the United States began with the arrival of twenty Africans in a Dutch slave ship in 1619 in West Virginia.The sale of these Africans as indentured servants preceded the capture, transportation and enslavement of thousands of black people to work in the newly developed farmlands of North America. An enormous number of men and women came from Africa in inhuman conditions to fill the growing demand of labor in the American colonies. Figures of the people captured and sold into slavery range from one to many millions. While their actual number is a matter of controversy, the wide scale adoption of slavery in the US remains one of the worst and most horrific acts of humanity.Hundreds of accounts narrate the appalling conditions in which the slaves came and later lived in the American colonies The slaves were transported across the ocean in especially fitted ships. They were kept lying on narrow ledges, chained, but were brought above deck in good wea ther. Overcrowding, minimal and monotonous diet (two meals per day and a pint of water), poor hygiene, epidemics, and lack of physical activity decimated, on each and every 1-2 months long trip, a whopping one seventh to one fourth of the â€Å"cargo† and one sixth to one half of the crew.(Vaknin, 2005) The African slaves came from agricultural tribal economies and while physically very strong, were also very good with their hands and for work in the fields. A gradual realization of their enormous economic worth in agricultural production and other labor-intensive work led to the institutionalization of slavery, the legalization of â€Å"chattel slaves† and the creation of hereditary servitude; where children of slaves were born as property of white masters.The availability of this huge unpaid work force resulted in enormous increase in agricultural production, the building of American infrastructure and the emergence of the USA as the wealthiest country in the world. Slaves became prized commodities and thought of as â€Å"black gold†. The slave trade also led to spurts in the economies of slave trading nations like Holland. Amsterdam became the trading capital of the slave trade, much like it is the center of the flower business today, acting as an auction centre and helping to manage the slave trade, with up to 10,000 slaving vessels frequenting the port. (Schuma, 1987).The institutionalisation of slavery led to huge increases in the numbers of slaves. A population of slightly less than one million slaves in 1800 increased four fold to four million by 1860. (Slavery in Colonial America, 2006). As such, even though import of fresh slaves was stopped by the end of the 18th century, prolific growth continued to increase their numbers. Even though their percentage of the total population fell from nearly 20 to 14 they remained a sizeable segment of American society. In fact, the relative percentage of slaves in the southern states varied fr om 20 to as much as 60 percent in certain areas.Slavery at the time of the Revolution was firmly established in the five southernmost states from Maryland to Georgia, and it was more than a trivial presence in most of the others. Slaves numbered about half a million in 1780, constituting a little more than one-sixth of the national population. In the South, two persons out of every five were slaves. (Fehrenbacher, 2002, p. 15) The struggle for liberation and emancipation of American slaves began after the declaration of independence in 1776 and started gaining momentum by the early 1800s.The movement for liberation and emancipation was spearheaded by the northern states and opposed violently by the agricultural south. While it would be churlish to deny the enormous contribution of emancipators like Abraham Lincoln and Harriet Beecher Stowe, the primary reason for this difference in attitude between the north and the south would appear to be economic and political rather than humanit arian. Southern economies depended much more on slave labor than the northern states and, ironical as it may appear, relationships between blacks and whites were much stronger in the south, than they were in the north.Over the years, even as cases of ill treatment continued to happen, living conditions of blacks in the south improved steadily. Most slave-owners regarded themselves as custodians of their slaves. They properly fed the working adults, allowed them to grow vegetables in their own garden plots, provided them with clothing and housing. In wealthier and larger plantations, the slaves were cared for by qualified physicians. Slave life was richer than portrayed in literature and cinema. Slaves belonged to churches and were ordained as ministers and preachers. A few learned to read and write. Music was a favorite pastime.Slaves were allowed to moonlight or work on their own free time. The Law, even in the Deep South, recognized slaves as both chattel and human beings. Slaves were held responsible for criminal acts they had committed, for instance, and enjoyed many human rights Case law and non-binding custom endowed them with additional privileges: the right to marry, own private property, have free time, enter contracts, and (if female or child) be consigned to lighter labor. (Vaknin, 2005) The struggle for the freedom of black slaves originated, strangely enough, from white Americans, mostly from the north.The movement continued for decades until the confrontation between the south and the north over slavery ended in conflagration and violent civil war. People like William Garrison, Harriet Beecher Stowe and Harriet Tubman mobilized public opinion and influenced union government policy to take up the black cause. The blacks, themselves, had very little contribution to make towards their own liberation and the few localized and small insurrections that did take place, like those led by Denmark Vesey and Nat Turner met with immediate and forceful suppre ssion.The civil war lasted for many years and led to the death of thousands of federal and unionist soldiers. Its end, in 1865, led to the abolition of slavery and the freedom of African slaves. While some blacks did fight with the federal soldiers in the civil war, this is possibly the only freedom struggle in the world where the oppressed, the denied and the ruled contributed very little towards their own liberation. Strange as it may appear, white northerners died in the thousands to secure American slaves their freedom.Feelings of compassion and thoughts of equality and liberty undoubtedly led many noble-minded whites to take up the cause of the unfortunate slaves. The movement for abolition of slavery and its violent denouement is one of the most famous freedom movements of the world. It is thus perplexing to know that while white Americans from the north were striving ceaselessly for black freedom, they were also driving Native Americans from their ancestral lands, destroying their means of survival, cloistering them in small parcels of land and decimating their numbers. 3.The Annihilation of the Native Americans The Native Americans, the current term for the original inhabitants of the Americas, are supposed to have migrated from Serbia thousands of years ago. The peoples, who belonged to several tribes, lived for thousands of years quite happily, growing their populations, living off game and rudimentary agriculture, before the Europeans set foot on North America. The early Europeans described these people in glowing terms. the Indians lived in common, â€Å"the most perfect and most worthy life of man,† a mark of the â€Å"ancient golden age.† This good Indian welcomed the European invaders and treated them courteously and generously. He was handsome in appearance, dignified in manner, and brave in combat, and in all he exhibited a primitivism that had great appeal to many Europeans. 4. (Prucha, 1984, p. 7) The coming of the Europeans le d to the unfolding of one of the biggest tragedies of history and the practical annihilation of the whole race. The Europeans brought diseases with them that that killed natives by the thousands.The most lethal of the pathogens introduced by the Europeans was smallpox, which sometimes incapacitated so many adults at once that deaths from hunger and starvation ran as high as deaths from disease; in several cases, entire tribes were rendered extinct. Other killers included measles, influenza, whooping cough, diphtheria, typhus, bubonic plague, cholera, and scarlet fever. Although syphilis was apparently native to parts of the Western hemisphere, it, too, was probably introduced into North America by Europeans. (Lewy, 2004)Apart from bringing diseases, the settlers started encroaching into Native American Territory and over the years pushed the Indians from the East towards the Pacific Rim. The Native Americans were very different from the black slaves. They were used to vast open prai ries and their tribal structure fostered independence. In the beginning, the whites used captured natives as slaves. This practice did not really succeed as the Native Americans could not bear the hardships of plantation and farm slavery like the blacks and died in large numbers.In addition, as the standoffs between the whites and the Native Americans grew over the years, wars generally ended in massacres and flight rather than in captivity. By the end of the 18th century, the United States was forcefully pushing the Native Americans increasingly towards the west with a mixture of force, aggression and deceit. Exploitation of rivalries between different tribes furthered this cause and the same people who were very concerned about the abolition of slavery did not baulk at depriving the Native Americans from their livelihood.There was a significant difference between the perception of Native Americans and slaves in the eyes of the whites. Black slaves were economic assets; oppressed p eople, who however did not pose any economic and physical threat to the whites. Abolition of slavery and proposals for freedom of slaves were, perceived to be causes of economic difficulty for the southern states. However, the fact that very few slaves were involved in the freedom movement did not raise animosity against them, even in the southern states.Thus, the sympathy levels for blacks remained high and the movement for their liberation continued with even pace. The perception about Native Americans was very different. The Native Americans were an independent people and the owners of land. They hated the settlers and considered them aggressors, and the whites too thought of them as opponents and dangerous enemies. The 18th century thus witnessed numerous wars between the natives and the white settlers. During the American war of independence, Native Americans fought mostly with the British in a bid to stall the expansionism of the United States.It was only at the end that they realised that the equally treacherous British had ceded huge tracts of their land to the Americans. The beginning of the 19th century thus saw the Native Americans under enormous pressure from the United States, but still owners of huge tracts of land coveted by the whites. The US Congress, in 1830, passed the Indian Removal Bill, a law that forcibly evicted American Indians from their lands and pushed them further to the west. This strategy of dispossession resulted in numerous skirmishes, treaties, wars and the gradual forcible eviction of Native Americans from their lands.All their proposals for peaceful co existence and willingness to adopt the farming methods of the white settlers came to nothing, and by the late nineteenth century, they could live only in specific tracts of lands known as reservations. This process of removal resulted in the deaths of tens of thousands of Native Americans from disease and hardship, even as they gave up their homes and lands and moved far away. One particular journey, known as the Trail of Tears led to the death of thousands of Cherokees. (The Trail of Tears, 2005) 4. ConclusionThe fate of the Native Americans at the hands of the government of the United States is unparalleled in historical annals. In most conquests, the victors rule over the defeated peoples, impose their laws and their religions on the conquered. The dispossession of the Indians is the only instance where the conquerors forced the defeated to leave their lands, restricted their freedoms, separated them from society and cooped them up in reservations, much alike concentration camps. Their systematic extermination and relocation is one of the most brutal acts in U. S. history.Most Americans know this intuitively, but they'd rather not think about it-so instead they choose simply to feel sorry for the Indians living today. (Miller, 2000) This happened only a hundred and fifty years back at the hands of a democratically elected government of a country that supposedly values liberty, freedom and democracy. The liberation of blacks and the abolition of slavery in the USA occurred along with the practical decimation of the Native Americans, the deprivation of their rights and their banishment to distant reservations, at the hands of the same government.The reasons for this unbalanced, ambivalent and practically schizophrenic behavior of the free American people and their democratically elected government are difficult, practically impossible to explain. The only possibly valid reason is the independent attitude of the Indian people, their love for freedom and their pride, which made it difficult for them to accept total subjugation. This, unlike the situation with the black slaves, increased their economic and military threat in the eyes of the American people and government and led to their genocide and practical annihilation. BibliographyColeman, M. C. (1985). Presbyterian Missionary Attitudes toward American Indians, 1837-1893. Jackso n, MS: University Press of Mississippi Fehrenbacher, D. E. (2002). The Slaveholding Republic: An Account of the United States Government's Relations to Slavery (W. M. Mcafee, Ed. ). New York: Oxford University Press. Gutzman, K. C. (2002). The Slaveholding Republic: An Account of the United States Government's Relations to Slavery. Journal of Southern History, 68(4), 957+. Retrieved November 24, 2006, from Questia database: http://www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o&d=5002502749 Holder, P.(1974). The Hoe and the Horse on the Plains: A Study of Cultural Development among North American Indians. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press. Lewy, G. (2004, September). Were American Indians the Victims of Genocide?. Commentary, 118, 55+. Miller, J. J. (2000, October 9). Buffaloed: Fighting the Truth about American Indians. National Review, 52,. Prucha, F. P. (1984). The Great Father: The United States Government and the American Indians. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press. Schama, Simon , (1987), â€Å"An Embarrassment of Riches†, First Vintage Books, Random House, New YorkSlavery in Colonial America, (2006), A history of American slavery, Retrieved November 23, 2006 from en. wikipedia. org/wiki/History_of_slavery_in_the_United_States Trafzer, C. E. & Hyer, J. R. (Eds. ). (1999). Exterminate Them: Written Accounts of the Murder, Rape, and Slavery of Native Americans during the California Gold Rush, 1848-1868. East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University Press. Trail of Tears,(2005), Historical Documents, Retrieved November 21, 2006 from www. americanindians. com Vaknin, S, (2005), Slavery in the USA, Buzle. com, Retrieved November 23, 2006 from www. buzzle. com/editorials/9-26-2005-77541. asp